Comparing Nothings Changed and Half-Caste Essay -- Tatamkhulu Afrika

Looking at Nothing's Changed and Half-Caste Half-Caste and Nothing's Changed are two sonnets that, in spite of having various subjects, are loaded with likenesses. Both Half-Caste and Nothing's Changed express annoyance. In spite of the fact that, the object of their annoyance is extraordinary. The displeasure in Half-Caste is aimed at language, or more explicitly the utilization of one expression while the annoyance in Nothing's Changed is towards a culture. In Half-Caste Caribbean lingo is utilized. Nothing's Changed is written in standard English. Nonetheless, both scholars decided to utilize free section implying that neither one of the poems follows explicit guidelines or examples. In Half-Caste the sonnet is composed from the essayist's perspective. Which implies the peruser can see the essayist's very own emotions about the term half-station. The initial line, Reason me shows that the sonnet is composed from the author's perspective as reason me is an expression utilized by somebody when they need to begin a discussion. I feel that if the sonnet was composed from someone else's perspective it would lose a portion of it's impact. The feeling in the sonnet would run over less unequivocally and appear to be less genuine, as it wouldn't be sure whether the essayist really feels the annoyance communicated in the sonnet or just thinks that individuals may feel that way. Half-Caste is composed as a discussion and in this manner is in first individual. You can see that the sonnet is a discussion in lines, for example, line 33 where it says, Ah tuning in to yu... and line 47, ...yu must return tomorrow. Both of these lines show that the artist is conversing with someone else. I think this is acceptable as it is unique. I likewise think it makes the sonnet increasingly close to home to you as you read it thus, maybe, makes you think increasingly about what Agard is stating... ...runch show the threatening vibe of the earth and the jars implies there is litter, frequently puts influenced by litter are run down zones, territories that are not dealt with or deserted. In the second verse, he utilizes redundancy of the word and to accentuate that each some portion of his body has been influenced. Difference comes through in his portrayal of the motel and the encompassing territory. Line 20, ...... the grass and weeds. calls attention to the contrast between the rich new hotel what's more, it's area. Afrika utilizes differentiate later on in the sonnet as well. In actuality, refrain five, totally differentiates verse four, and is there to show the immense contrasts between the lives of whites and blacks. Agard utilizes straightforward and direct language in Half-Caste. This permits him to express what is on his mind to the peruser more effectively than if he were to use heaps of pointless words and expressions.

Rethinking Leadership In The Learning Organization Essays

Reconsidering Leadership In The Learning Organization An announcement by a CEO that we will end up being a learning association will probably be met with aggregate eye rolling and wonderings of, What workshop did he go to a week ago? In reality, numerous workers are so acquainted with these administration activities of-the-month that seeing any outcomes from such an administrative declaration is amazingly impossible. One more of the principle obstructions to making a learning association, Senge says, is the distinction among consistence and responsibility. The representatives are disinclined to acknowledge change that begins at the highest point of the administrative progressive system. A worth is a worth in particular if intentionally picked. We can't constrain others to learn. Since it is actually the people that contain a learning association, there is not a viable alternative for an individual want to learn. Choices made by administrators can likewise have the impact of incomprehensibly moving an association in reverse. Scaling back can prompt expanded seriousness, which is a block to profitability. Intensity can likewise sabotage cooperative endeavors and in this way influence a companys financial flourishing. Senge characterizes three authority types that he says are fundamental to building a learning association: 1. Nearby line pioneers. These are pioneers who attempt significant analyses to test whether new learning abilities really lead to improved business results. 2. Official pioneers. They offer help for line pioneers, create learning foundations, and show others how its done in the progressive procedure of advancing the standards and practices of a learning society. 3. Inside organizers. These are people who can move openly about the association to discover the individuals who are inclined to achieving change, to assist in hierarchical tests, and to help in the dispersion of new learning. None of the issues common in organizations today will be settled by a progressive administration framework. To achieve transform, we should investigate new thoughts in initiative dependent on new authority standards. Senges five orders have intrigued me since the beginning of this course. Their applications in our instructive framework could be significant. The biggest obstruction that todays schools, grown-up or something else, face is the implicit acknowledgment that what is currently can't be changed. It is this psychological model that we should separate before genuine change can be influenced. By perceiving the necessities of grown-ups in a learning situation, many, if not all, of the standards of the learning association can be applied to the progressive association of the organization in our schools. The boundaries talked about in this article are the same as the hindrances looked by school overseers. Individuals who are not dedicated to change won't get tied up with any new thought. Change can't be ordered. It must originate from inside the association. Training

I Wore Orange and Blue to Class for a Week

I Wore Orange and Blue to Class for a Week At the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, it is well known that our school colors are orange and blue. You really cant walk anywhere on campus without the two vibrant colors popping up. When I first moved onto campus, I didnt own much orange and blue. I had one shirt, but besides that, my closet seemed to be filled with every other color except orange and blue! Now that the midpoint of my first semester has passed, I am proud to say that I DO own some more orange and blue! Ive found myself having more and more school spirit every day. This past week, I decided to put myself to a little school spirit challenge. I wore orange or blue (or both!) to class every day. While doing this project, I took all the pictures by myself in the same bathroom (youll notice) before my first class of each day. I did this instead of asking friends to take my picture so I could see if by the end of the week anyone could catch on to my little school spirit self-challenge and comment on my outfits. Heres what I put together! MONDAY   On Monday, I went pretty simple and wore my School of Music shirt. I got this shirt at the School of Music new-student welcome I attended within my first few days on campus, and it has quickly become one of my favorites since I am a music education (instrumental, K-12) major. TUESDAY The next day I wore my ILLINI Make History (Homecoming 2017) shirt, which I actually picked up the day before. As a freshman, I wanted some way to remember my first college homecoming. A t-shirt is always the answer. WEDNESDAY Wednesday rolled around, and it was very cold outside. In order to keep myself a little warmer while I wasnt wearing my heavy coat, I paired a super cute Illinois sleeved shirt with a plain black vest. I love the Is and the states all over it. (Also, check out my orange and blue bead bracelet!) THURSDAY On Thursday, Marching Illini usually has a late night rehearsal that we have to wear Marching Illini merchandise to. While this Thursday night I did not have to, I still chose to wear my Marching Illini sweatpants, jacket, and orange shirt. FRIDAY And my last day, Friday! I returned back to my subtle Illinois spirit by wearing a grey Illinois shirt. So, did anyone notice I was wearing more Illinois clothes than normal? Actually, YES! By Thursday, a TA said, You know, you wear orange and blue a lot, and a friend said, Youve been wearing a lot of Illinois stuff this week! It was fun to share some Illinois pride, and I felt accomplished, because even after this week, I still had more clean Illinois gear left in my closet. If youre a hopeful future Illinois student (or attend already!) I challenge YOU to wear orange and blue for a week! Its actually fun (and makes picking out an outfit in the morning super easy). Thank you for reading! See you next time, and I-L-L! Lydia Class of 2021 My major is Instrumental Music Education within the College of Fine and Applied Arts. I'm also part of the Marching Illini! Before moving to Urbana, I lived in Collinsville, Illinois, where we are known for some killer Italian food and the World’s Largest Catsup Bottle.

Jean Baudrillard An Influential Thinker - 1379 Words

In 2007, Jean Baudrillard was published in a Canadian Newspaper, La Presse. Jean Baudrillard (1929-2007), French sociologist and philosopher, is one of the most influential postmodern thinkers, known for his scathing critic on consumerism or late capitalism, which he prophesied. In 1970, he published The Consumer Society, which he shed light on the subject and object of consumption, around which contemporary societies are organized. A few years later, he published Simulacra and Simulation, and implemented the hyper reality, by which objects are to be false and hidden from the truth. Baudrillard, an early admirer of McLuhan, expands his research and analysis on McLuhan’s idea that the ‘the medium is the message’ - distancing and separating from the Marxism. By â€Å" the medium is the message†, McLuhans describes that the ‘real message that the radio and television deliver†¦is not in the images that it transmits but rather the new mode of percep tion that it imposes on traditional group and family structure’ (Baudrillard 1983:187). In other words, it is, in fact, through the medium which a message shaped the perception of people, and not vice-versa. McLuhans warned us about the new medium effects, which it is often something unheard of in the early 18th century, since the medium, itself, influences society. Therefore, media and its medium mediate our experience without us noticing it, and Baudrillard alarms us about it. However, we must first differentiate the definition ofShow MoreRelatedAn Essay on Baudrillard2221 Words   |  9 Pagescritic? Radical thinker? Critical terrorist? Nihilist? These are just a number ways French sociologist, Jean Baudrillard is described in academic literature. Famous for his well-documented theories on Post-Modernism and the media, Baudrillard presents numerous commentaries on the media’s portrayal of ‘reality’ within society. His theories are extensive and includ e thoughts and narratives on Marxism and the rise of ‘new’ technology, to note a few. As Richard Lane suggests, â€Å"Jean Baudrillard is not onlyRead MorePostmodernism and the Simpsons10775 Words   |  44 Pagestheories of intertexuality, hyperreality, and metanarratives. Before delving into The Simpsons, some major theoretical aspects of postmodernism in aesthetic production are outlined. Three of the most prominent theorists of postmodernism – Lyotard, Baudrillard and Jameson – are introduced, as well as their theories which will be brought into consideration in the following chapters. The objective of the essay is to apply these theories to The Simpsons and thereby reveal some of the foremost characteristicsRead MoreA Critical Review of â€Å"the Ambiguities of Football, Politics, Culture, and Social Transformation in Latin America† by Tamir Bar-on.14147 Words   |  57 PagesPolitics, Culture, and Social Transformation in Latin Americaâ₠¬  by Tamir Bar-On. Introduction: In Latin America, soccer is not a game; it is a way of life. It is mixed in with politics and nationalism. It defines social classes. How politically influential is soccer in Latin America? It is used by â€Å"various Latin American socio-economic elites in order to retard the acceleration of working class and popular discontent† (Bar-On 1997:1.8). Is it then not intriguing that women play no part in the schemeRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesfrom the audience. This is a book that will become a classic in organization studies. Mihaela L. Kelemen, Professor of Management Studies, Keele University, UK An unusually rich and deep philosophical book on organization theory with several new thinkers and ideas. Pedagogically a well-structured book with many clear learning objectives, cases, examples and good summaries for every chapter. Professor Martin Lindell, Hanken Business School, Swedish School of Economics and Business Administration,

The Slavery Of The United States - 1451 Words

Growing up as a child, you are always told that violence is never the correct way to handle an unfair situation or conflict and that you should always use your words and not your fists. Violence is seen as uncivil and barbaric, to be avoided at all costs. However, the institution of slavery is itself uncivil and barbaric, and in the case of the slave Frederick Douglass, violence became the only viable option, even as a boy/young man. Fighting and not conforming to impossible demands of his overseer, Mr. Covey, was the only way that Douglass could avoid the horrible beatings that were among the worst hardships of slavery. While I do think that fighting back was the right thing for Douglass to do, I don’t think that his choice to fight back was the most meaningful turning point to his emancipation. Learning how to read and write was what set Douglass apart from the other slaves that he was amongst, and what led him to learn about the better opportunities in the North and inspire d him to risk everything to escape to where he could live a free life as a free man. I believe that Douglass’s fighting off Mr. Covey, who was â€Å"leasing† Douglass from his owner, was the right thing to do. When Mr. Covey made impossible demands and beat Douglass viciously, Douglass did not initially resort to violence. He first sought the protection of his owner, Thomas Auld. This was a bold and desperate thing to do, since slaves could not challenge the words or actions of a white man without riskingShow MoreRelatedSlavery And The United States891 Words   |  4 PagesThe Unites States during the 1850s was a harsh time for African Americans, not only were they treated extremely harsh; but many of them were slaves as well. Slavery was the topic of every discussion during this time period and the United States was literally split on the issue of slavery. A lot of the Southern States wanted to continue slavery because it was a way of life. Many of the southerners depend on slavery to help grow and harvest crops that were on acres and acres of land. N ortherns, onRead MoreThe Slavery Of The United States1449 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Slavery is founded on the selfishness of man’s nature; opposition to it on his love for justice.† This saying by Abraham Lincoln tells us that people are really different when it comes to their beliefs and attitudes. Some are so focused on wealth, which is why they have slaves to work for free, and treated them as properties instead of real human beings. On the other hand, some people were against slavery because it violated the basic human rights like the right to life, liberty, and security.Read MoreSlavery And The United States848 Words   |  4 Pagesthe United States. During these years, many different topics were up for dispute and compromises were being negotiated. Unfortunately, it was hard for all of the citizens to come to a complete compromise for the disputes. Some states had similar opinions, while others were in a deadlock. One of the biggest disputes during this time were over slavery. While other disputes only involved a few states, slavery was a dispute that caused unrest between two distinctive regions in the United States: theRead MoreThe Slavery Of The United States953 Words   |  4 PagesEvery country has a dark past, whether it’s about conquering land from Native Americans, or mass genocide of a single race. The United States was no different from the rest of the world, especially when slavery was involved. The South had its reasons on why to establish and justify the slavery system while the North rejected their beliefs. By focusing on the South’s argument, this will help to understand why they fought for their rights to keep slaves and understand how the African Americans wereRead MoreThe Slavery Of The United States1095 Words   |  5 Pagesattempted to cure their complete opposition on the regulation of slavery by using federal power to coerce an end to the feud, yet the movement increased tension between the divided nation. By invoking both legislative and judicial power, politicians used laws which included slave codes and freedom laws as well as court decisions like Dred Scott v Sandford (1875) to convince or force the population into acceptance of stances on slavery. Each party viewed their tactics and ideas to be righteous, andRead MoreSlavery And The United States1305 Words   |  6 PagesSlavery; An Issue Neglected to a Key Principle in the U.S. For 20 years slavery had existed in the United States of America despite its immorality and the objections of many citizens. Strides were made to correct this injustice around the time of the Revolutionary war; colonists started to demand their natural human rights from Britain. In 1766, our founding fathers were the first faced with a decision to abolish slavery; they felt the pressure from facing the purpose of their campaign due to theRead MoreThe Slavery Of The United States976 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery has played a very integral part in the development of the United States so far. It has taught people the importance of racial equality and moral discipline, which was lacked back in the time when slavery existed. Moreover, slaves were used mostly by farmers and business owners who wanted to maximize their profits and wanted cheap sources of labor. Slaves were first imported into the United States back in 1502 by a merchant named; Juan de Cà ³rdoba. The South was very interested in bringingRead MoreSlavery And The United States1507 Words   |  7 PagesOver the centuries, slavery held a prominent factor in United States history. Slavery shaped and formed what society was in the United States. Slavery’s influence impacted the United States in various ways. The ways that slavery impacted United States history are the United States economy, society and politics. Some historians argue slavery is not an important factor in United States history. However, they are wrong because slavery brought many different political movements and the Underground RailroadRead MoreSlavery And The United States1673 Words   |  7 Pageshowever, when slavery existed, blacks were undermined and denied many freedoms entitled to them under the Constitution. There were many topics argued about, but slavery caused the most dispute within the country. In the 1850’s, the pro-slavery South and the anti-slavery North collided when the case of Dred Scott, a black slave who attempted to gain liberation, was brought to court. The North and South had vastly different views on the subject of slavery, Scott had resided in the free state of IllinoisRead MoreThe Slavery Of The United States1670 Words   |  7 Pageswedge between the nation. As the United States progressed into different industries, slavery benefited only one side of the country – the south. The north began outlawing slavery, deeming it as immoral and unconstitutional while the south needed and depended on slavery to maintain their economy. The opposing sides on the slave system lead to arguments between the North and the South as to decide what new territories would allow slavery, then leading on to outlawing slavery all together. Tensions increased

The sun’s ray’s play on my face †Creative Writing Free Essays

The sun’s ray’s play on my face, I manage to open my eyes and see the house bathed in a pool of light, making the old house’s white walls glow. Between the walls, the windows with their mysterious sheen give the patina of age, reflecting the whole house. It has a rustic feel about it with a few pieces of outdoor furniture made by a skilled craftsman many years ago. We will write a custom essay sample on The sun’s ray’s play on my face – Creative Writing or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is an old white house with a red roof and a large porch from where lots of sunflowers in their vessel’s smile at the sun. Looking through the windows made utterly impossible with the glorious morning’s sunlight. The garden seems heavenly, with its extraordinary colours and vibrancy. The sun’s rays reflect of the flowing water of the stream alongside the river, almost painful to look at if it weren’t for its rare beauty. The aroma of flowers and various strange plants waft through the air creating a summer feel. In the painted pots, geraniums enchant my sight with a large palette of colours, creating a peaceful feeling. The sun is up in the blue sky, birds are singing on the trees and the air is filled with the fragrance of the flowers. The little pathway leading up to the house is very quaint with its meandering cobblestone formation, its tiny gate and the fences surrounding them. I glide my fingers over the front of the door, feeling every fine texture and ripple of the mature oak. I return to the house deep into the evening. The sun finally let way for the moon and in doing so has changed the sense of the house entirely. It’s small gate and fences reassure me that it is the same house yet so much seems altered in some way. The bright sparkling blue stream running down the garden had become a dark mysterious crawling creature. The house is now purple with moonlight tainting the beautiful white that it previously was. The furniture’s silhouettes show distorted figures watching over the garden. Furthermore, the sunflowers appear as scarecrows with their tall thin body and wide spanned leaves imitating the arms. The moonlight has jaded the house’s rustic charm and made it an object of unsettling nature. The garden has also been distorted with its lack of colour and texture, everything seemingly taking a troublesome form in it’s silhouette status. The once beatiful smeel of plants has now been frozen out by the chill of the air. The beams of sunlight have vanished, replaced with the dull smolder of the moon catching everything in its wake and not allowing even a fragment of colour to reach my eye. The bees and the birds have left and with that comes the sinister silence of the shadowy darkness. The dim snake that was the pathway curls and coils its way to the doorway where I had once stood, nonetheless the house seems unrecognisable without the colours, sounds and smells that once made it such a special place. How to cite The sun’s ray’s play on my face – Creative Writing, Papers

mod5videoactivity (1) Essays - Writing Systems, Human Behavior

Alexandria Smith ANT3620 February 16th, 2019 Module 5 Video Activity The speaker, Mr. Mafundikwa incorrectly labels and dates cuneiform. When Mr. Mafundikwa is emphasizing humanities greatest creation as the alphabet and names cuneiform as a source, this label of "alphabet" being given to cuneiform is incorrect. Cuneiform is not an alphabet since it does not have letters that represent sounds, rather it is a writing system that began as ideographic, where pictures represented an idea, and later on developed into a logographic writing form where a symbol denotes a word, and in cuneiform that meant wedge-like symbols pressed into clay in order to form symbols; so there are no letters in cuneiform, as shown in the Module 5 lecture entitled "Writing." The second mistake he makes about cuneiform is in the same statement when he is attempting to place Egyptian hieroglyphics as an older writing system, almost 200-300 years older than cuneiform. Cuneiform was not created in 1600 BC, as he claimed, but rather almost two millennia before the date he gav e in 3300 BC as stated in Module 5 lecture entitled "Writing." Mr. Mafundikwa's main point about Africa and writing systems is to emphasize their presence in Africa's history and their importance moving on into the future. He wants to stress that looking upon Africa's history you can find all of the common themes that have seemed to be stressed about other "great civilizations" with African developments found in the same time frame, such as written language, architecture, religious and cultural traditions. He mentions the "secret societies" of the Yoruba, Kango, and Palo religions that created intricate writing systems, just like he mentioned the Jokwe people who created a pictograph telling the creation of the world; a story we see told by many civilizations. He is encouraging Africans to use African past as their source for past information and their inspiration for future creation. His mistakes about cuneiform subtracts from his credibility, but he is still making a valid point that he wants Africans to really see African history as a great and full history, worthy to be regarded as impactful in human development over time and to be reflected on and built upon by future generations, instead of seeking elsewhere for inspiration.

Binders Bookstore essays

Binder's Bookstore essays As partners of Binders Bookstore, we have collectively chosen to automate our business. There is a need for our company to be computerized; the manual approach is not cohesive. We need to investigate our needs and evaluate the products available to suit our company. It is imperative to move our bookstore into the technological age due to the high volume of sales, and competition. The management team at Binders will create an information system that will more than double the productivity and revenue. Dont be caught unaware. In todays business world, being on top of things is the name of the game-and online competitive intelligence is the winning play. (Carroll, 2002) Binders Bookstore is at a major crossroads with their business practices. After being in business for 15 years, they need to reevaluate their current situation in regards to office automation. The three owners have chosen to create a business plan to facilitate this process. As a planning tool, the business plan guides you through the various phases of your business. A thoughtful plan will help identify roadblocks and obstacles so that you can avoid them and establish alternatives. (SBA) In the first phrase of planning, Binders identified its background, business needs, purpose, constraints and assumptions. Currently, the second phrase captures the business requirements that include: inventory; customer database and marketing. Binders vision will aid in the success of reaching projected revenue targets while competing with the large retails. We opened Binders 15 years ago with a vision, to provide our local customers an inviting atmosphere and a variety of reading material. We know our customers by name and can always suggest new arrivals. However, our staff of three and our manual cash register can just not keep up with the business any longer. We need to do more than revamp; we need to i...

Xenosmilus - Facts and Figures

Xenosmilus - Facts and Figures Name: Xenosmilus (Greek for foreign sabre); pronounced ZEE-no-SMILE-us Habitat: Plains of southeast North America Historical Epoch: Pleistocene (one million years ago) Size and Weight: About five feet long and 400-500 pounds Diet: Meat Distinguishing Characteristics: Large size; muscular legs; relatively short canines About Xenosmilus The body plan of Xenosmilus doesnt conform to previously known saber-tooth-cat standards: this Pleistocene predator possessed both short, muscular legs and relatively short, blunt canines, a combination that has never before been identified in this breedthough paleontologists do believe Xenosmilus was a machairodont cat, and thus a descendant of the much earlier Machairodus. (The unique skull and tooth structure of Xenosmilus has inspired a peculiar nickname, the Cookie-Cutter Cat.) Its as yet unknown whether Xenosmilus was restricted to southeast North America, or was more widely distributed across the continent (or, for that matter, ever made it down as far as South America), since the only two fossil specimens were unearthed in Florida in the early 1980s. The most striking thing about Xenosmilus, besides its cookie-cutter bite, is how big it wasat 400 to 500 pounds, it was just shy of the weight class of the largest known prehistoric cat, Smilodon, better known as the Saber-Toothed Tiger. Like Smilodon, Xenosmilus clearly wasnt suited to stalking or pursuing prey at high speeds; rather, this cat would have lounged in the low branches of trees, pounced on slow-witted megafauna mammals as they passed by, dug its cookie-cutter teeth into their bellies or sides, and then let go and leisurely followed them as they slowly (or not-so-slowly) bled to death. (The bones of peccaries, a type of pig native to North America, have been found in association with Xenosmilus fossils, so we at least know that pork was on the menu!)

Multicultural Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Multicultural Education - Essay Example The school principal is Lisa Nelson deputized by Brooke Newell. The school has 57 staffs and 694 students. The school neighborhood is surrounded by resources that are of the essence in the promotion of multicultural education. Some of the resources that promote multicultural education in the Pearland community are local parks, restaurants, school community centers and neighborhood libraries. Pearland community has among the best parks in Texas State. The parks provide residents with a place to walk and enjoy. Centennial Park is located at 3219 McLean road Pearland, TX77581. It is one of the resources that tend to boost multicultural education. People from different social standings, culture and race meet here. They talk to each other and learn a lot from the others. Students too from various schools meet here during holidays and is, therefore, a wonderful place to get to know about other people in the neighborhood. Shadow creek ranch nature trail located at 1801 kindly Drive Pearland, TX 77584 is another resource that is so vital among the people in the Pearland community as it tend to attract many families especially during weekends. It provides an opportunity for them to share their experiences and achievements. People get to know each other and learn from one another, hence promoting multicultural education. Families should be able to visit such a place and get to explore their world ( Pearland Focus Magazine).

Digital rights management (only the written part) Essay

Digital rights management (only the written part) - Essay Example This is all great for sharing various works and ideas, publishing content cheaply, etc. but there is a problem here as well, and that is what were going to discuss - the issue of Digital Rights Management or DRM for short, with a focus on music files. One of the consequences of files spreading so easily is that â€Å"intellectual property owners lose control of distribution† (Kumik, 2003) and usually don’t get paid regardless of the time, cost, and effort that may have gone into producing it. The music industry has been particularly affected (Peitz et al, 2005). This puts off many from publishing on the Internet, but as a distribution channel, nothing else can compete, so it is attractive as well. Among end users also, there is an issue of privacy (Feigenbaum et al, 2002). Firstly, let me explain precisely what is DRM. According to Subrmanya (Subramanya, 2006), DRM broadly refers to â€Å"a set of policies, techniques and tools that guide the proper use of digital content†. It is clearly â€Å"rooted in and driven by business interests and legal concerns† as pointed out by William Rosenblatt and others in their book ‘Digital Rights Management: Business and Technology’ (Rosenblatt et al, 20 01). Technology enabled the digital revolution to take place, but many content owners are therefore now eager â€Å"for more intelligent, efficient, and effective management of their content† (Hilts, 2003) as well. If we break down the whole process of content flow from ‘packaging’, through transmission, tracking, and delivery, and of course, redelivery, protection measures can be applied at each stage. Already, we have digital watermarking, the protocols for content syndication, rights expression languages, etc. (Becker et al, 2003) But it is not straightforward because in the fast changing world we live in, implementation is still an obstacle as is the legal side, business models change, and

What Motivates Employees To Work Effectively Business Essay

What Motivates Employees To Work Effectively Business Essay In the era of economic development, many people are employed in variety jobs in society; therefore, employers should find way to motivate their employees. In addition, with the improvement of living standards, there is a growing emphasis on good working conditions. According to the Douglas McGregors Theory X and Theory Y (1957), on the one hand, Theory X said people are very lazy and dont want to work. If the people of Theory X can do not have work, they will avoid to work. On the other hand, Theory Y said people work very seriously because the environment will motive the workers work. If employers give the comfortable environment to employees, employees will do their best in their job. Consequently, employers need to develop motivational states to meet their different staff needs and work output. This reserved focuses on motivating in the food service industry, different restaurants motivate their employees in different way so their employees how treat the customers will. This essay will analysis the Theory X employee in Norwich restaurants, second analyses the Theory Y of employees in Norwich restaurants, and finally analysis which motivational method leads to have effective workers. Literature Review (by Li Yu Xuan) F.W. Taylor think that the maximize income is the most important thing to motivate them. It means money is the only thing can motivate them. This led to Taylors belief in a differential piece-rate system of payment. This meant staff can get the wage by each unit of output at a standard piece rate. (p.14, F.W.Taylor) And another famous person who named Frederick Herzberg said that: split workers needs into two categories hygiene and motivators. Hygiene factors are concerned with the environment in which the job takes place working conditions, relations with the boss and co-workers pay. Motivators are factors that relate to the job itself-sense of achievement.(p.15, F.Herzherg) in this persons view, we can see the working conditions and working environment are very important for the workers. When the workers satisfied with these two factors, they will work more hand. Some people have anther view, From a staff effectiveness point of view, there are times when you want to be Theory X: f or instance, in health safety issues the rules will be rigid; there will be serious penalties for not following them. But if the issue is how best to handle a piece of new business, then results are likely to be far better if all involved have been consulted, their issues taken into account and an agreed best process determined. Collaborative working will favor Theory Y approaches. These people think workers in different situations prefer the different theory. The theory X and theory Y are all have advantages to the staffs. From these, we can see different people have different opinions to the two theories. Researches these two theories are important to the managers, understand them and know how to use them can help managers make the right decisions and motivate their workers in right way. Main body: Theory X (by Zhang Cheng Cheng) In theory X, people are assumed only working for money and security. Workers do not like to work and would try to work as little as possible if they can. Workers in the company or organization are lack of ambitions and hope to avoid responsibility. According to McGregor theory X is really based on the assumption that a) laziness is the human nature; and b) people only work for money. The perception of human laziness has long been recorded in religion history. In religion, Catholic declares humans seven SINS, one which is the lazy. Human beings are divided into two groups, most people are afore-mentioned lazy, only a few people can restrain themselves. To most people, working is a kind of burden to human rather than enjoyment. As far as they are concerned, they only need to do minimum work to survive. Theory X therefore has argued that as a result of this human nature most employees in the organization do not have ambition. Their personal goals and objectives are self-centered and not associated with the companys goals. They lack confidence and consider the personal safety is important. They do not want to be a leader and content to be just a follower who prefers to be led by others. Under the theory X management approaches range from hard to soft. With hard approach to deal with humans laziness the model of theory X management must rely on outside force strict control in order to achieve organizational goals which is so called hard approach. The management believes that workers need to be closely supervised and comprehensive systems of controls developed. A hierarchical structure is needed with narrow span of control at each and every level. By exerting the external force, command, control and punishment the theory X management will ensure their employees to feel threats so that their employees can make proper efforts to achieve the objectives of the organization. With soft approach theory X management appears to be lack of disciplines and to be permissive and only seek harmony with hope that in return people will cooperate when asked to do so. McGregor has argued neither hard nor soft approaches are optimal management approach because assumptions in theory X are incorrect. At one extreme, management is strict, peoples behavior methods include forced and intimidation, strict supervision. At the other extreme, management personnel is mild, peoples behavior, peaceful methods include tolerance. Severe may result in employees to against pressure and hostile while The gentle way may often lead to abandon management. The optimal management will be between hard and soft approach. We agree with McGregor that the management model should be the carrot and stick. On one hand, they stimulate employees effort to meet the organization objectives by offering money. On the one hand, they enforce the tight control and supervision and punishment for the organization work force. In conclusion, the carrot and stick incentive theory in certain circumstances can be reasonably functional. This management model above is an example which on the one hand offered money in order to buy and stimulate employees working enthusiasm, on the one hand, used the strict control, supervision and punishment for the organization work force. Main body: Theory Y (by Shih Chia Chi) In contrast, McGregors theory Y mentions that managers tend to be democratic as they conduct their workers. This is because employees enjoy work actively and accept responsibility. In this theory, employees are motivated efficiently by many different factors. Unless workers have proper conditions in many ways such as working environment, welfare or salary, workers do not argue about their job. They are satisfaction and committed. This is because Managers of Theory Y believe both employees have ability to control themselves in accomplishing targets and they are enjoyment of doing a job. Therefore, managers will provide more authority and power to their employees so that they have an opportunity to incentive their aggressive of the work. It is believe that they are full of ambition to pursue their aims. Thus, this type of workers not only has an excellent creativity but also contributes at work which helps them to figure out whole problems. These people always have clearly life achieve ment, so they always work hard and most of them interested in their jobs and try doing their best. All of the reasons are to improve productivity in order to increase more profit in every company. This is why McGregor create this theory, and many managers use it to organize their employees. As a result, workers who are belong to theory Y have a higher achieved then theory X. Theory Y which is a more people-centric management style applies to the human relations and human needs approaches(Bruce Jewell,2006). Findings (by Shih Chia Chi) We conducted a survey in Norwich by random sampling of people in the city centre restaurants. This survey search the reasons for what motivate employees efficiently in the service industry, and fit into McGregors theory X and Y. This purpose is to find an optimization method for managers to administer workers. According to the table (figure 1, page 11), most male are satisfied with the salary nearly 13 percent and working environment around 8 percent; otherwise, female are satisfied with holidays less than 15 percent and personal reason more than 12 percent. Therefore, the amount of men and women do not want to promote to a higher position by 25-28 ages in Norwich. (Figure 2, page12) Even though most people belong to theory X, a few workers are part of theory Y. Approximately 5 percent of whole data in working environment is more essential than other reasons as well as women. (Figure 3, page 13) A few people about 8 percent want to have a higher position from 25 ages to 28 ages. This sort of people is self-motivation, so they suit for using soft management style and power-sharing in McGregors theory Y that they are easy manage. Moreover, in the theory Y, most workers have high level job, e.g. professional servicers, knowledge worker- managers and the high educated workers. Those results can apply McGregors theory X to prove this finding, so managers of service industry must use strict management or give them reward. This finding will help companies to find the best way of classification people in order to enhance the efficiency of effort and output. Conclusion (by Huang Tan Yun) It has emerged that the large amount of employees were belong the Theory X, who avoided to work in their job and the small amount of employees, who belong the Theory Ys persons, can work seriously by the work environment. According to our survey, manager should give the Theory Xs staffs more money and seriously management way to work effectively and also the manager should make the great work environment to let the Theory Ys staffs bring into the talent in their job. In order to solve the problem which is the Theory X or Theory Y in the Norwich restaurants, renewable management policy has changeable. Although, this essay just only has examined the motivations in the Norwich restaurant, other areas have the different motivations to affect their employees. There are a number of factors which contributed to the different effective motivations are happened in different people, therefore, the policies in employers are created. In addition, the employees in work areas have the Theory X of people or the Theory Y of people so they have the different motivated effectible causes. That was why the policies have the serious management and soft management for employees. Generally, the good way of aim in the working areas will accord to the Theory Xs staffs to improve their factors for their work effectively. Bibliography (by Zhang Cheng Cheng) Douglas MÂ · Mc Gregor (1957) The Human Sideof Enterprise in Management Review, US http://baike.baidu.com/view/499453.htm Viewed: 11/03/2010 Smallbizguru (29/01/2010)Leadership in recession for small business- John Adairs Action- Centred Leadership in Business Ideas http:// smallbizguru. WordPress.com/ Viewed 11/03/2010 Jewell, B(2006) McGregors Theory X and Theory Y in Tricky topics:6-7 Taylor, F.W(2006) High-street motivation in BUSINESS Review: 14-15 Herzberg, F(2006) High-street motivation in BUSINESS Review: 15

Book Review: Train to Pakistan Essay

Khushwant Singh opens his novel Train to Pakistan in a seemingly peaceful village on the countryside of Punjabi. Although the small village is fictional, it is important to note the historical significance this village, its people, and the time period represent in the novel. Revered as a one of the finest and best-known renditions of the Indian tragedy of partition, Train to Pakistan embodies more than a fictitious community. The following literary analysis will depict the consequence of human calamity by analyzing the political history of India, the social and cultural struggle of the people, and the moral message and character development. It is evident that Singh did not want to make this novel a political recount because he shies away from describing the political role of the British and the Indian people in much detail. However, to understand the novel’s progression, it is essential to examine the historical background. Singh bases his relatively short novel in the year 1947 in India; in other words, in the midst of the India Independence Act of 1947 which resulted in the dissolution of the British Indian Empire. Unfortunately, the British withdrawal did not lead to a unified, free India, but instead divided into two, struggling, newly instituted states of India and Pakistan. At midnight of August 15 of 1947, the two governments of India and Pakistan simultaneously declared independence, officially trying to separate Muslims from Sikhs. This violent divide between the two governments lead to the displacement of approximately 12.5 million men, women, and children and a death toll between several hundred thousand to one million. The violent nature of partition created an atmosphere of mutual hostility and suspicion that still hangs in the air between the two sides today. Singh, who was thirty at the time of partition, published one of the few first-hand accounts of this human tragedy that is now fading into history. Nevertheless, he captivates his audience in the retelling of a major human dispute. This leads into the social and cultural struggle determined by the setting of Train to Pakistan. In the brief novel, we, as the reader, get the chance to know many of characters in great detail. Examination of these varied groups of people not only increases cultural and social understanding of that time and place, but also shows that the blame could not be placed on any one group; everyone was responsible. In fact, in the opening sentences of the book Singh writes, â€Å"Muslims said the Hindus had planned and started the killing. According to the Hindus, the Muslims were to blame. The fact is, both sides killed. Both shot and stabbed and speared and clubbed. Both tortured. Both raped† (1). From a reader’s stand point, it is important to note this passage’s significance. Singh wanted to make it clear that blame must be shared for these inhumane acts. As I stated before, Singh opens his novel by recreating a tiny village in the Punjabi countryside called Mano Maj ra. Set next to a railway line that crosses the rising Sutlej River, the lives of the inhabitants of Mano Majra would fatefully change one summer season. The fictional village on the border of Pakistan and India is predominantly made up of Sikh farmers and Muslim tenants. Singh depicts how the residents of Mano Majra lived in an almost ignorant seclusion, surrounded by mobs of Muslims who hate Sikhs and mobs of Sikhs who hate Muslims; however, in the village the people had always lived harmoniously. Villagers were unaware about the happenings of larger scope than the village outskirts, which Singh depicts in the mystery of the trains full of murdered people. This obliviousness made them especially vulnerable to outside views. In fact, the most heart-rending passage in the book comes out of the people’s cluelessness when the government makes the decision to transport all the Muslim families from Mano Majra to Pakistan. One Muslim said, â€Å"What have we to do with Pakistan? We were born here. So were our ancestors. We have lived amongst [Sikhs] as brothers† (126). The dumbstruck villagers are overtaken by events as a small joint army convoy, containing one unit of Sikh soldiers and one of Baluch and Pathans, arrives in the village and orders the Muslims to board within ten minutes. They do so with the barest minimum of their meager belongings. The Muslim officer politely shakes hands with his Sikh colleague, and sets off with his caravan to Pakistan, leaving the non-Muslim families without a chance to say goodbye. After the Muslims flee to a refugee camp from where they will eventually go to Pakistan, a cluster of religious agitators come to Mano Majra and instill in the local Sikhs a hatred for Muslims and convinces a local gang to attempt mass murder as the Muslims leave on their train to Pakistan. This entire scene takes place after we are familiar with the characters, and it is painful at many levels: the poverty in which these people live; the terrible uncertainty they are suddenly cast into; and at least temporarily, the eclipse of people’s humanity. To continue, if these groups of people (i.e. government workers and ordinary citizens) are scrutinized on a closer level than their religious affections, a more detailed social structure emerges. First, government officials were corrupt and manipulative of villagers. They could arrest anyone they chose for any reason, more often than not for their own benefit. They did just enough in terms of dealing with the dispute so that nobody could say that they did not do anything, as I will point out later with Iqbal and Juggut. The law enforcement was completely at the whim of the local government, meaning that in practice, there was no law. Also, small amounts of educated people trickled in and out of villages, trying to instill in people democratic, communist, or other western ideologies, though the common people were turned off and confused by their dissent. An example of this is when a villager explain, â€Å"Freedom is for the educated people who fought for it. We were slaves of the English, now we will be slaves of the educated Indians—or the Pakistanis† (48). More than midway through the novel, Singh depicts a scene in which the villagers learn that the government was planning to transport Muslims from Mano Majra to Pakistan the next day for their safety. To better understand the situation surrounding the Partition of India, Singh provides information about both religions involved. The book sheds light on the various religious practices of both Sikhs and Muslims in rural India, including daily life for individuals from both practices. For example, the practice of prayer for Muslims is described in the novel: â€Å"The mullah at the mosque knows that it is time for the Morning Prayer. He has a quick wash, stands facing west towards Mecca and with his fingers in his ears cries in long sonorous notes, Allah-o-Akbar† (4). Singh points out practices of Sikhs as well, â€Å"The priest at the Sikh temple lies in bed till the mullah has called. Then he too gets up, draws a bucket of water from the well in the temple courtyard, pours it over himself, and intones his prayer in monotonous singsong to the sound of splashing water (5)†. These daily routines are not necessarily provided to exemplify the differences between the two religions, but more so how they rely and have a friendly tolerance for one another and the unfortunate changes the compatibility would undergo. In addition to giving an understanding of human actions and pointing out that everyone was responsible, Khushwant Singh sketches his characters with a sure and steady hand, and we come to know quite a cast. Foremost, Hukum Chand is the regional magistrate, and the most influential character in the story for many symbolic purposes. It becomes noticeable that he is a morally conflicted man who has probably used his power over the years with much corruption. He is often described with a dirty physical appearance which is important emblematically because it is as if he is overwhelmed with unclean actions and sins and is trying to wash himself of them. Hukum Chand’s ethical issues are also shown in one of repeated encounters he has with two geckos. Allegorically, we can likely infer that these geckos represent Muslims and Hindus in conflict and on the verge of fighting one another. When the geckos start fighting, they fall right next to him, and he panics. The guilt he gets from not helping when he has more than enough power to do so literally jumps onto him: â€Å"Hukum Chand felt as if he had touched the lizards and they had made his hands dirty. He rubbed his hands on the hem of his shirt. It was not the sort of dirt which could be wiped off or washed clean† (24). Alcoholism is another tool Hukum Chand uses in attempt to clean his conscience. He feels the guilt of his actions by day but is able to justify them with alcohol and visits from the teenage prostitute Haseena, a girl that is the same age as his deceased daughter. In all his conflictions, Hukum Chand is able to acknowledge that what he is doing is bad, but is still unable to promote good possibly inferring to the weakness of the human will or at least of those in power. The two other main characters featured in the novel are Iqbal Singh and Juggut Singh, and they are likely meant to be contrasted. Iqbal is described as a slightly effeminate, well-educated and atheist (which is symbolic as his ambiguous name makes his family religion unidentifiable) social worker from Britain who thinks politically and cynically. Iqbal can easily represent modernity as he has purposely forgotten his traditional Sikh heritage and culturally adapted to the Western life style by cutting his hair and going through circumcision. Juggut, conversely, is a towering, muscular, and uneducated villager who places action over thought and is known for frequent arrests and gang problems. When the Hindu money-lender is murdered, it is as if the novel is warming Iqbal and Juggut up for comparison, as they were both arrested for the same murder they did not commit and were placed in adjacent cells. In that time, a train pulls up full of dead corpses, obviously symbolic and representative of the violence and torment the two sides, Muslim and Sikh, placed upon one another. Upon the prisoners’ release, they learned that a gang was planning to attack the train taking Mano Majra’s Muslim population to Pakistan. They each had the potential to save the train, though it was recognized that this would cost their lives. Although Singh leaves us questioning who the heroic figure of the novel is, it is easy to place Juggut in the role of martyr. He acts on instinct after he found out about the fiasco that was going on, and then sacrifices his life to save the train. Iqbal, on the other hand, spends pages wondering to himself whether he should do something, revealing a moral irony: â€Å"The bullet is neutral. It hits the good and the bad, the important and the insignificant, without distinction. If there were people to see the act of self-immolation†¦the sacrifice might be worth while: a moral lesson might be conveyed†¦the point of sacrifice†¦is the purpose. For the purpose, it is not enough that a thing is intrinsically good: it must be known to be good. It is not enough to know within one’s self that one is in the right† (170). The questions of right versus wrong which Singh poses throughout the book are numerous, including those of what one should do when one has the opportunity to prevent something bad, when an act of goodwill is truly worthwhile, and how much importance is the consciousness of the bad. Train to Pakistan represents what one calls an â€Å"eye-opener.† Many times people block out or remain ambivalent to difficult circumstances surrounding them, but Singh writes, with multiple gruesome and explicit accounts of death, torture, and rape for the public to read, to make the case that people need to know about those improbable dangers.

Use Of Illusion And Hide Reality Plays A Heavy Role On...

The use of illusion to hide reality plays a heavy role in William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Othello†. Illusion is used frequently throughout the play in relation to love, friendship and character personalities. Some characters, especially Othello, cannot see through the illusion and assume what they see as reality. Iago, however, uses this to his advantage by creating multiple illusions to manipulate the other characters for power and revenge. Iago is seen by most of the characters as an honest and trustworthy man who is always willing to listen and give advice. Cassio, one of the characters who is fooled by the illusionary personality Iago has created, says I never knew/ a Florentine more kind and honest (III.i.38-39). The audience however knows that this is not the case, since at the beginning he says â€Å"I am not what I am† (I.i.62), meaning that he has created an illusion of himself to fool others into believing he is trustworthy. Iago states â€Å"I follow him to serve my turn upon him† (I.i.39), meaning that he only pretends to be loyal to Othello, acting as a good servant so that when the opportunity arises, Othello will not suspect him of sabotaging his marriage. Throughout the entire play, he pretends to be Othello’s friend, feigning reluctance in voicing his suspicions about an affair between Desdemona and Cassio. He gains Othello’s trust by being a good friend who is honest enough t o tell him such horrible news. Iago creates the illusion of the affair by filling Othello’s mind

Land, Life, and Health in Africa - 1583 Words

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