Kant s Categorical Imperative Essay - 1448 Words

Kant’s categorical imperative is a natural conclusion of reason when searching for a moral guideline that does not depend on previous expense but reason alone. The categorical imperative can be explained in many different ways. Kant offers five formulations in his work groundwork of the metaphysics of morals. The formulations of Kant’s categorical imperative can be considered a test. If your maxim passes the test then your actions under that maxim will be good. The formulations that Kant offers, they are not different rules in themselves, but different ways of stating the same thing. It is important to note that these formulations apply only to your maxim, or what you intend to do. The categorical imperative is based off of the assumption†¦show more content†¦When decefering the maxim of Sophie’s actions it is imprtnatn to remove any situatinal or group factors. The maxim for Sophie here is â€Å"It is permissible for me to lie†. The maxim is not â€Å"It is permessable for me to lie on my expense reports†. This is because Katn does not allow for the situation to effect what the maxim is. It must apply to all situations. The universal law from this maxim would be â€Å"it is permissible for everyone to lie all the time†. A world in which everyone lies would not have a concept of truth or fiction. Therefore lying is logically inconstant under this formulation of the categorical imperative. Sophie ought to file the actual expense as permitted by her company. 2. The formula of the Law of Nature. â€Å"Act as if the maxim of your action were to become through your will a universal law of nature.† This formulation is troublesome as it is nearly identical to the first with the major difference being that you will your maxim to be a law of nature not a rational law. Laws of nature are the physical laws that bind all things to act in the way they do except for ration agents. Only humans, as rational beings, can choose to act in a particular way. All other animals and all inanimate objects can only act as nature wills (if nature had a will) with no choice in the matter. With this formulation Kant is saying that you should act as thought what you are doing is guided by a physical law that you have no choice to act on.

Commerce Education and Employability Free Essays

COMMERCE EDUCATION AND EMPLOYABILITY It is commonly agreed that education should aim at ‘holistic development’ of the individual. Further, such development should be in harmony with the society and the nature. To quote the great Indian philosopher Sri Aurobindo, education should aim at â€Å"all round development of the personality, which includes education of the sense, body, mind, moral and spiritual education. We will write a custom essay sample on Commerce Education and Employability or any similar topic only for you Order Now † The concepts of ‘all round development of personality’, or ‘holistic development’ include all the aspects of development-intellectual, spiritual, moral, economic, etc. However, some philosophers have defined the economic aims of education. Christopher Winch1; a British scholar says ‘education is broadly, although not exclusively concerned with preparation for life or for particular phase of life’. He gave three aspects to this concept of education, which are ‘fulfillment’, ‘civic participation’ and ‘vocation’ and specifies that the individual conception of education, as they can be found in particular societies at particular time, consists of distinct combination of these different aspects. In order to define the objectives of commerce education, it may be important to go a little into its history. The origin of commerce education can be traced to the 19th century. It started with the teaching of skill based courses of ‘typing’ and ‘book keeping’, to meet the emerging manpower requirements in these areas. With an increase in commercial activities and expansion of banking, insurance, transportation and other related services, the nature and scope of commerce education changed. From a vocational bias in the initial years, the focus changed to providing liberal business education. Some experts even gave different objectives for different stages or levels of education. For example, Prof. Dasgupta (1959) used three different expressions to indicate ‘business education’, at three different levels. At the junior level (higher secondary stage), it was referred to as ‘commercial education,’ covering specific skills programmes; at the first degree stage, the term used was ‘commerce education’, to cover general stream courses for preparing semi professionals and at ‘post graduation’ level, it was termed as ‘Professional Business Education’, with the aim of preparing experts in specific areas. In other words, commerce education, at less than degree level was referred to as ‘commercial education’ or ‘vocational business education’. However, the commonly accepted view at present is that commerce education at higher secondary stage is not merely to satisfy the skill or vocational needs of pupils but provides basic understanding of the various principles, procedures and practices related to business. It also fosters an understanding of the economy, of the community in which activities related to business and industry takes place. It prepares the learners to take up business career. The secondary schools should therefore, provide the students with knowledge of the background of commerce and of the way it affects the life of the community, apart from the commercial knowledge and skills. This integrating approach to the liberal and vocational education has the support of many modern thinkers on education. It is argued that education should turn the people to something he knows well and can do well. Thus, commerce should be taken as both a knowledge subject and a skill subject. The specific objectives of academic stream of commerce education i) To provide knowledge of principles, practices, procedures, etc. bout business, trade and industry and its relationship with the society; ii) To provide basic knowledge of technological tools including computers and its application in business; iii) To develop an understanding of the environment in which we live and undertake various activities relating to business; iv) To develop basic skills needed to undertake different co mmerce related activities; v) to educate learners in different functional areas and develop their basic understanding about the same; vi) To develop right aptitude and qualities for undertaking business and commerce related activities; and vii) to encourage the spirit of entrepreneurship and prepare learners to enter into a business career. Linkage with the Industry The present curriculum has been found to be only moderately useful to the industry. In order to make it more useful it is suggested that the students should be exposed to practical knowledge, a) by engaging them on project work, or attachment with industry, and b) establishing interaction with industry through field visits, involving professionals in teaching, and organising lectures by industry experts/successful entrepreneurs. It was generally perceived that the present curriculum offered low degree of opportunities of skill development to the students of commerce As a result, the pass-outs of higher secondary course only have theoretical or conceptual background of various aspects of business and trade. When it comes to the practical knowledge when they are asked to perform an activity, the results are rather poor because the required skills have not been developed in them. This is a common situation, which affects the acceptability of the students by the industry as well as the users of services. The industry looks for skilled people who have a practical exposure to various commerce related activities and possess generic skills like communication skills, problem-solving skills etc. As the present curriculum offers low opportunities of skill development, need for rectifying the position has been strongly felt. Various suggestions received to improve the situation in this regard include organization of field visits, on the job training of the students, improving the infrastructural facilities and provision for establishment of commerce laboratories in the schools. Strengthening linkages Any serious effort to make the commerce curriculum relevant to the industry and increasing its acceptability would require strengthening of linkages between the school and the industry. Various suggestions have been received in this regard, from the responding stakeholders. These are discussed as follows. Firstly, it is strongly felt that organising field visits to business ecommercial establishments etc. would be of great help in exposing the students to the real work of business. For example, the student may be taken to a factory and shown how goods are being manufactured or packaged. This will give them a real feel of the various processes and an opportunity or relating these to what is being taught in the class. This is very important for sustaining their interest in the subject and making them useful to the employers as well as to the society in general. Second, it is suggested that industrial internship, to three to four week’s duration, during the summer vacation (or some other vacations), would be quite helpful in providing the students an opportunity of actually working in an office or in the field environment. Third, the students may be assigned some project work relating to the subject of study. Let us say while teaching the chapter on marketing, the students may be asked to go to their local market and find out which brands of a particular product, say toothpaste or toilet soap are available in a retail outlet; which of these are preferred by a particular class of buyers (say people belonging to lower income group) and why? Further, the schools may regularly organize seminars, workshops and discussions where experts from industry are invited to participate and interact with the students. For example, sharing of experiences by successful entrepreneurs may be of great interest and utility to the student. Fifth, the schools may be encouraged to set up commerce laboratory where the students can practice through charts, models, computer games, exploration on internet, etc. some of the practical aspects of what is taught in the class. Other important suggestions received for strengthening the linkages include making a provision for extensive training of the teachers and inducing industry for adoption of schools so that the course can run efficiently. If the teachers are not trained regularly, they would not be able to impart knowledge and skills about the latest developments in their field. Moreover, the role of teachers is changing fast. They have to work like facilitators, in the present day world of information and fast changing technological and economic environment. Thus, periodic training of teachers is very important for effectively running a course. As regards the strategy for development of linkages, it is agreed enterprises, it is agreed that the industry should be persuaded to cooperate with the schools. Entrepreneurial Values The present curriculum was perceived to be offering low degree of opportunities for development of entrepreneurial values, attitudes and skills. As a result most of the pass-outs were included to look for some wage employment opportunities, after completing their studies. This creates a lot of stress on the already soaring list of unemployed youth in the country and need improvements. The students may be induced towards entrepreneurship. The entrepreneurial values, attitudes and skills should be groomed from schools days so that the pass-outs can be prepared to set up their own ventures instead of looking for wage employment to improve the situation, various suggestions. Include organization of field visits, adoption of case study approach, teaching of biographies of successful entrepreneurs, use of small Business Games and Mock stock exchange proceedings for teaching these aspects and bringing change in the orientation of curriculum and textbooks, to incorporate entrepreneurial value and attitudes. Commerce Education needs the infusion of fresh ideas so as to provide a stimulating, supporting and sustaining environment. The Social Context of Education The education system does not function in isolation from the society of which it is a part. Hierarchies of caste, economic status and gender relations, cultural diversity as well as the uneven economic development that characterize Indian society also deeply influence access to education and participation of children in school. But at the same time, globalisation and the spread of market relations to every sphere of society have important implications for education. Business Studies Syllabi and Textbooks The syllabi and textbooks in commerce have been prepared according to the principles of the National Curriculum Framework. 1. The chapter on Social Responsibility of Business discusses how a business unit has to take care of the society of which it is a part. Every business needs to act in a socially desirable manner and respect its employees, the community and the environment in which it operates. Our objective is to sensitise the student to social issues and concerns and the fact that business can do a lot for society, while fulfilling its social obligation. Environmental Protection also forms part of the chapter where conservation and industrial pollution are discussed. Business Ethics is also included to make students aware of ethical and responsible behaviour of a business. This also instills in a student value of personal ethics and standards and a code of conduct which can be applied in personal life also. Interrelationships however between business ethics and individual ethics need to be drawn by the teachers. 2. The global and local perspective and rural development needs to be taken care of. Small Business has been included in the syllabus and covers tiny and cottage industries and assistance to business provided by the government to small business reasons of including this in the syllabus. Rural Development and growth is a priority area and has been given a special emphasis in the latest year plans and all documents pertaining to economic development. In fact, marketers are depending on the rural demand and markets. Examples from rural business have been given throughout the book to sensitise children to the rural aspect of the country. Local perspective needs emphasis as a student is always able to relate to his local surroundings, therefore, local examples are better understood by them. 3. Connecting knowledge to life outside school. The environment in which a business operates forms an important aspect of management. A business unit has to constantly interact with the economic, political, legal and social environment. The business environment is dynamic in nature and examples can be taken from all around us, newspapers, business magazines, business TV programmes and the internet. Management has to respond to all these changes and this chapter has been specially included so that students are aware of what is going on in the economic, political, legal and social environment. A business has to analyse the environment before taking decisions. 4. Projects, activities and case problems have also been included to ensure that learning is shifted from rote methods. Creativity is a value that needs to be fostered. At the end of each chapter projects, activities and case problems have been given. 5. Boxes includes enrichment material taken from newspapers, business magazines and the internet. We hope these will enable students to connect textual knowledge to the business world Students should draw interrelationships between the text and the news in the print and electronic media. The Objective is to give students an idea of what is happening inside a business. 6. We live in an age of unprecedented violence, local regional, national and global. Values of love, cooperation, non violence, peace are universal and need to be emphasized again and again. Social equality and justice is an integral part of peace education. Our chapter on social responsibilities emphasizes social equality and justice but teachers need to revisit the concept and connect it to place in society. The topic on cooperative societies and international business are based on the spirit of cooperation. Cooperation as a value needs to be re emphasized by teachers and then lead the student to imbibe the value of cooperation. International agreements, WTO and GATT are all based in international cooperation. Since management involves doing work systematically and resolving conflict situations, while we are teaching management we can revisit the idea of maintaining peace and harmony within an organization. Coordination of activities ensures harmonious relationships which is what manage motivation which again is related to peace and harmony. The teacher in the class needs to draw interconnections between the text and values of peace and non-violence. This has become almost an essential and moral duty of every teacher. 7. India is a multicultural society and all groups have equal rights to coexist and flourish. In our texts we have tried to give business examples from all regions. When the social environment of business is taught then certain examples can be taken up so that students have a fair idea of the pluralistic society in which we live. 8. Any economic development affects the Financial Market and ultimately every business unit in some way or the other. The role of major financial institutions and banks are becoming prominent in the financial markets. The fluctuations in the capital market are due to a variety of reasons. How the political, economic and social changes affect the markets can be studied, it will be going beyond the textbook. However, students will find it very interesting. These topics are important, current issues and students need to be aware of such topics as they shape the country’s future and economic development. In fact, the whole world is looking at India and China since they are relatively strong economies because of the regulatory mechanisms in the financial markets. Reference 1. www. ncert. nic. in/programmes/teacher_edu/pdfs/Commerce. pdf In Service Teacher Education Manual for Teachers and Teacher Educators in Commerce. 2. Emerging Trends in Commerce and Management, Santosh Gupta, Published in University News41 (05) 2003 3. Recent Trends in Commerce and Management Education, Dr. V. V. Khanzode, Strling Publishers Private Limited. 1990 4. National Policy on Education1986 an Appraisal, DoabaHouse, New Delhi. 1989 5. Commerce and Management Education in India,Ed. K. V. Sivayya,Ashish Publishing House, New Delhi. 1990 How to cite Commerce Education and Employability, Essay examples

Globalization through Social Network -Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Globalization through Social Network Connection. Answer: Globalization through social network connection The social network is built up a set of ties between actor such a group of individuals or individuals that have common agenda or purpose. Social network basically is the ability to connect or through two or more individuals using computer mediated networks such as Facebook, Tweeter, and LinkedIn. Figure 1. social network (Buchanan, 2003). The world has been smaller and smaller through internet, communication and technological advancement. People from all different corners of the world can easily communicate through the internet and also even work from different field of working stations. A good example is the ability of researchers from different universities, countries and even continents can exchange ideas and research results. Research shows that the Internet is said to have connected over 50 million people in 4 years where the it took radio technology for about 30 years while the television took 13 years to accomplish same statistic figure (Dor, 2004). https://www.chaire-sdsc.org/IMG/pdf/170602-6_sdsc_sem_f_forgeau___linkfluence___bigdata-social_media_intelligence_cle09c9a7.pdf The social medias such as Tweeter and Facebook have become a great means of knowing the trends of the world and have become a way of life style to many people. The communication of system of the world is basically about 80% dependant on the internet. The internet has made the to become a global village where irrespective of the distance between individual communication is one of the easiest means to them. Figure 2. social media (Hjarvard, 2012). The whole world dynamic cultures have well represented in the where even the language and the traditional way of peoples way of life has been an exchange and adopting them as better means of living. The English language has been the most effective language of adoption in many social medias; it has been even adopted as the official language of communication in most of the countries around the globe (Buchanan, 2003). https://books.google.co.ke/books?hl=enlr=id=CAm2DpIqRUICoi=fndpg=PR21dq=social+network+methodsots=HwFosdWALisig=Cx0V-3Tm75MEbW01Jql3bUj8K5Iredir_esc=y#v=onepageq=social%20network%20methodsf=false Conlusion In summary, apart from the internet making the world a global village it has become world driving force in the innovation and technological advancement. It has created a place all kind of cultures and way of life is accepted and appreciated by the whole world. References Buchanan, M. (2003). Nexus: small worlds and the groundbreaking theory of networks. WW Norton Company. Retreved from: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Nexus-Small-Worlds-and-the-Groundbreaking-Science-Amblard/b38e5340f8733c77d36f57c1aaa0b8fae7828cbe Dor, D. (2004). From Englishization to imposed multilingualism: Globalization, the Internet, and the political economy of the linguistic code. Public Culture, 16(1), 97-118. Retreved from: https://muse.jhu.edu/article/54374/summarys Hjarvard, S. (2012). Doing the right thing: Media and communication studies in a mediatized world. Nordicom Review, 33(Supplement 1), 27-34. Retreved from: https://curis.ku.dk/ws/files/135690315/Doing_the_right_thing_Stig_Hjarvard.pdf

International Trade Beneficial and Dangerous Dependency Between Countries

Abstract The growth of international trade started gradually way back in the 19th century mainly through regional trading blocs. It experienced great growth until the First World War and remained low throughout the inter war period. After the Second World War, it has experienced growth partly due to the formation of regulating mechanisms. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Trade: Beneficial and Dangerous Dependency Between Countries specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The concepts of world output and international trade have become important indicators of trade patterns in the world. Due to the growth in international trade, both beneficial and dangerous dependency has developed between countries. Introduction International trade covers doing business across borders or territories that includes buying and selling of goods and services as the core elements of business. It represents exports form a compan y to another company based in a different country and its indication hinges on the country’s constant price Gross domestic product. World output on the other hand, depends on the volume of exports by the various countries around the world. Both are important indicators of the trade patterns and consequently the growth of various economies. Moreover, international trade balance is important as it reduces cost of some goods through specialization and makes other goods available. The relation between the two is that of a trade-led growth, which infers that expansion of international trade leads to an increase in the world output. This has been the case since the post war economic growth that took place after the Second World War (Grimwade, 2000, p.10). During the inter-war period, international trading was almost nil as the countries encouraged protectionism (Michie Smith, 1995, p.7). In the post war period the international market became more open to trading and regulatory b odies like the World Trade Organization (WTO) and General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) were formed. It is through this security of a regulated market that international trade has thrived consequently leading to an increase in the world output in the recent years. There has been a rise in specialization as indicated by the high ratio of international trade to world output. This increase in specialization especially in the area of manufacturing has led to an expansion of world trade and also the world output as the specialized companies export more.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The general pattern of international trade has remained almost stable over the years. In broad terms, countries with low incomes tend to export products that are more primary while those with high income export more of secondary or manufactured goods. This observed trend arises because num erous industries in developed countries require raw material obtained from the developing countries while they in turn require the manufactured goods. Another trend is the stability of trade between countries. Trade involving high-income countries tends to be stable as well as that among neighboring countries. Further, the trade between a country and their former colony is stable (Kreinin Plummer, 2004, p.101). The reason for the latter two may be the degree of trust and engagements that the countries have developed among themselves. For the former, an assurance of a ready market may be the cause of the observed stability. The importance of international trade stands out in the way countries have become interdependent. In the United States, tea is grown in very few places and is mostly imported to meet the national demand. This means that most US citizens would have to do without tea if international trade came to an abrupt end. Worse off would be countries like Kenya which impo rt all the oil used in their country (United Nations, 2005, p. 546). This interdependence also shows how greatly the international trade has grown. The increase in international trade and world output are good indicators of trends in trade. They contribute to the growth of most economies in the world through specialization goods produced and services offered. However, the inter-dependence that they create may be dangerous as one country’s downfall may take with it its trade partners. Reference List Grimwade, N. (2000). International trade: new patterns of trade, production investment. New York: Routledge press.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Trade: Beneficial and Dangerous Dependency Between Countries specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Kreinin, M. E., Plummer, M. G. (2004). Empirical Methods in International Trade: Essays in Honor of Mordechai Kreinin. New York: Edward Elgar Publishing. Mi chie, J., Smith, J. G. (1995). Managing the Global Economy. New York: Oxford University Press. United Nations. (2005). International Trade Statistics Yearbook 2005: Trade by Country. New York: United Nations. This essay on International Trade: Beneficial and Dangerous Dependency Between Countries was written and submitted by user JessicaJones to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Introducing Your All-In-One Marketing Calendar [New Features] - CoSchedule Blog

Introducing Your All-In-One Marketing Calendar [New Features] Blog As a marketer, you want to be able to plan all  of your content in one  place, manage your workflow for a project with one  tool, and create content the way youre used to without messing with copy and paste (because dealing with formatting issues sucks). We listened  to your feedback to  build the editorial calendar you  needed. What you wanted: A  fluid workflow Managing and planning content  outside of WordPress Integration with more  tools like Google Docs We delivered. Now in : Manage all of your #marketing. All of it.  (New Features)Introducing  The All-In-One Marketing Calendar was, and will always be, your blog and social media editorial calendar, and  now its your  marketing calendar of record. Working on an  email marketing campaign or e-newsletter? Planning images for Pinterest or Instagram? Have a podcast or video blog? To do all of this, you need a few awesome features: Feature 1: A beautiful editing experience. A whole new experience with editing content. Its easy and intuitive. Easily add, drag, and drop content  like video, images, and other files  anywhere in  your text. Distraction-free writing mode? Dont worry, its coming soon! Maybe your team is working on an e-book, podcast, or video.  Now youll work on these projects in using the workflow youve already built in your calendar. This brand new editor is available for every user. Starting now. Feature 2:  Export your content to use it anywhere. Download as HTML Download as PDF Want it as a Word doc? Thats coming your way soon. Lets say you create a killer guest post.  Now you can send a link to your blog editor, and they can simply download your post  to HTML or PDF. Starting today, this is available for every user! Feature 3: Make magic with  Google Docs. Yes, you heard that right! Were connecting  s workflow with Google Docs. Create your content in Google Docs and  connect  it to , and go back to editing in just one click. Use your  Google Docs and connect your  workflow. Keep  your writers happy. Writers love working Google Docs, and you love working in . Now you both get what you need to create awesome content together! Say youre working on an e-book. Your writers will create the content in Google Docs and connect  it directly to . Your team will be able to upload images and graphics, and communicate through  . When your  editor needs to add in the graphics or your writer needs to write more, they can continue working in Google Docs with one easy click. All of you Marketing and Enterprise plan folks now have access to Google Docs with ! Oh, wait! Theres more!  Use your  social queue  to promote all of your content, not just blog posts. You still have comments to communicate with your team. You still have tasks to hit every deadline. And youll save a ton of time while planning awesome content. Enjoy. :)

African American Impact on Sports

A life is not important except in the impact it has on others lives. This quote was said by Jackie Robinson who was important in paving the way for other black athletes in professional sports. He was the first black baseball player to play in Major League Baseball. What would professional sports be without all the greatest black athletes such as Michael Jordan, Muhammad All or Jackie Robinson? Today the NAB is filled with a large majority of African American players. The NAB would be nothing without those players. Muhammad All was a boxer, businessman and social activist for equal rights for all races.He wanted equal opportunities for all men, regardless of color, to be successful. Michael Jordan was considered the best basketball player of all time with five regular season Most Valuable Player awards along with three all-star Maps. He had a huge impact on the sport, dominating it from the mid 8(Yes through the late asss. Professional sports and society would not be the Same without them. African American athletes, including Jackie Robinson, Jim Brown, Muhammad All, Michael Jordan and others had a huge impact on American society and sports such as baseball, boxing basketball and football.Jack Roosevelt Robinson was born on January 31, 1919, in Cairo, Georgia. Throughout his 10 year long career he was constantly fighting for more rights for blacks in sports and society. Jackie was the first African American to play in Major League baseball. He was the youngest of five children who were raised in poverty by a single mother. Him and his family already had a hard life even aside from all the racism they faced living in the south in the early 1 asss. His older brother Matthew was one of his biggest inspirations for him to PUrSUe his talent in athletics.Matthew won an Olympic silver medal in the 1 936 Olympic games. After high school Jackie went to the University of California where he lettered in four different varsity sports. Before he could graduate he had to drop out for financial reasons. He then went on to play semi-pro football in Hawaii, but the season was cut short due to the starting of World War II. For two years he served as a lieutenant in the United States Army. However he was arrested for not moving to the back of a interracial bus. The charges were later dropped and he was given an honorable discharge. He had a lot of courage and was very against segregation.After his discharge he laded professional baseball in the negro leagues. But because of Robinsons great success he was soon hired by Branch Rickety to play for the Brooklyn Dodgers, in the white league. Branch knew Jackie would be facing severe racism but told him to fight it and stay strong. Throughout his career Robinsons courage was tested. Even many of his teammates were against his playing on their team. Jackie and his family received many threats and criticism. Despite all this adversity Robinson still was extremely successful and was leading the AAA league with a . 349 batting average and . 985 fielding argental.This success got him promoted to the ML and the first game a black player ever played in an ML game was April 15, 1947. The harassment continued. Many teams threatened to not sit out against the dodgers and even some of his own teammates threatened to not play. However Dodgers Manager Leo Drencher told his other players that he would trade them before Robinson. Leo had a very strong loyalty to him. Some people defended Jackie including baseball commissioner Happy Chandler and league president Ford Brick. Jackie Robinson was successful in showing how talented a player e was by being able to push through all the racism and adversity.His first year he helped the Dodgers win the National League pennant. He also led the league in stolen bases and won the Rookie of the year award. In the 1949 season he had a . 342 batting average and led the league once again in stolen bases. This led to him being named the National leagues Most Valuable Player. All these impressive feats led him to be labeled as a hero of the sport. Robinson also became a vocal champion for African-American athletes, civil rights, and other social and political causes. In July 1949, he testified on scarification before the House Un-American Activities Committee.In 1 952, he publicly called out the Yankees as a racist organization for not having broken the color barrier five years after he began playing with the Dodgers. He was very active in social activism for blacks rights. His biggest focus was impacting others lives. Which is shown in this quote said by Jackie Robinson, A life is not important except in the impact it has on others lives. He had a great impact on many peoples lives successfully completing his life goal. After Jackie died his wife created the Jackie Robinson Foundation, which provides nouns students with mentoring programs and scholarships.This program has given 50 million dollars in scholarship money to students across the country. This program was described in the New York Times as, that might be the best educational effort in the country. Jackie was one Of the most influential people on the lives of young people especially young black athletes. Without him this country would not be the same. Cassias Marcella Clay, now known as Muhammad All, was born in Louisville, Kentucky on January 1 7, 1942. He has shown throughout his life that he is not afraid of any fight-?inside or outside the ring. Growing up in the segregated South, All experienced firsthand the prejudice and discrimination that African-Americans faced during this era. He faced racial discrimination head on and it even help Muhammad discover his talent in boxing. When All was 12 his bike was stolen and he told a police officer that he wanted to beat up the thief. Well, you better learn how to fight before you start challenging people, the officer said. This police officer also owned a gym and trained boxers and took Muhammad under his wing and trained him. His first fight ever was in 1954 and was an mature fight that he won by split decision.Only 6 years later he won an Olympic gold medal. Then in 1 964 he claimed the throne as heavyweight champion of the world. Soon after Cassias turned changed his religion to Muslim and changed his name to Muhammad All. Later All created a lot of controversy in the government by refusing to fight in the war after being drafted. Alias reason was that he was a practicing Muslim minister, and that his religious beliefs prevented him from fighting in the Vietnam War. (Bio) The government took All to court and he was found guilty of refusing to join the military.All appealed the ruling and after a long court battle the ruling was overturned. However the boxing association still took away Alias titles and suspended him. In 1970 he returned to the ring. That year All took part in what was called the fight of the century. This fight was between All and Joe Frazier, two of the greatest veering in boxing. After 15 rounds of brutal boxing Frazier bested Muhammad in knockout fashion. Later in 1974 they had a rematch and All got revenge by beating Frazier. His last ever fight was a loss to Tremor Berwick to lose his Heavyweight title in 1 981.He announced his retirement in a press conference following the fight. After his retirement he still was very involved in the community and become a great philanthropist. Over the years he has been involved in many charitable activities such as the Special Olympics and the Make a Wish Foundation. He was also extremely active in fighting for equal rights for African Americans. Outside of boxing, Alias message of black pride and black resistance paved the way for the civil rights movement. (skyline) More recently in 2005 he was given the Medal of Freedom by George Bush. Bush also created theMuhammad All Center in his hometown of Louisville, Kentucky. Alias thoughts on this building are Many fans wanted to build a museum to acknowledge my achievements. Wanted more than a building to house my memorabilia. Wanted a place that would inspire people to be the best that they could be at whatever they chose to do, and to encourage them to be respectful of one another. (BIO) Muhammad All is arguable the greatest, and most inspirational men ever. He was constantly helping people and working to make lives better for those around him. These great men have influenced the lives of an uncountable amount of people.

Implantable cardiac pacemaker Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Implantable cardiac pacemaker - Essay Example Its blood pumping role is set at a certain pulse limit below or above which the process becomes abnormal which may be fatal.In this regard, a device called pacemaker which is an artificial pulse regulator was invented for those with malfunctioning heart muscle. It is the comparison between the structure and functions of the device that is taken through critical investigation with the aim of establishing its mechanism of pulsating. The clinical problem that the device addresses, including a brief description of the therapeutic function, and a brief history of the development and deployment of the device The management and caring for patients diagnosed with cardiac problem has been very challenging in the present world owing to the complexity of these infections. Electric pacing is one of the latest medical engineering developments that has gained acceptance as being one of the common prophylactic or therapeutic strategies of managing cardiac problems in patients. In the management of myocardial infections compounded by system injury, temporary cardiac pacing devices often play a significant role (Luderitz, 2012). It is at this point that cardiac pacemaker is deployed in order to help patients suffering from cardiac problems. The primary function of cardiac pacemaker in clinical and medical health is to pace hearts to help in recognizing the presence of intrinsic cardiac electrical activity and to restrain pacing of the heart in the absence of normal intrinsic impulses. This electric pacing device is often implanted in the heart of patients diagnosed with sinus node dysfunction. Only two approaches were commonly employed in the restoration of cardiac arrest (Bernstein, 2002, pp.260-2). This happened years before cardiac pacemakers were advanced. The two methods were intracardial therapy and mechanical simulation. The first successful heart pacing treatment was a case of an Australian baby that used Lidwill’s apparatus as the artificial pacemaker. Irrespect ive of the drugs and medical therapy used in this first pacing case, medical doctors at the New York Beth Hospital attributed the success to the prick needle inserted into the heart. The design was named after the founder, Hyman’s pacemaker, which took place in 1932. Interest in pacemakers (artificial pacemakers) with respect to cardiology rekindled after WWII, this time round, the exercise was spearheaded by Callagan, Hopps, and Bigelow, research experts at the University of Toronto, Canada. After conducting a thoracotomy, John Hopps designed the first artificial pacemaker with the ability to produce impulses at the desired rhythm (Bigelow, 2008, p.841). However, the first case of clinical application of pacemaker happened in 1952. This first successful application of pacemaker involved Zoll’s pacemaker. This occurred at the Boston Beth Israel Hospital when a man aged 75 was admitted to suffering episodes perceived to be Stokes Adams attack (collapse without warning a nd unconsciousness) and heart blockage, a condition that is common among the elderly and is associated with ischemic disease of the heart (Bigelow, 2008, p. 842). The first implantation of the pacemaker took place on October 8, 1958. This involved Mr. Larsson Arne (aged 43) who was found to be suffering from Stokes-Adams attacks and complete heart block. However, following the increase in technological innovation and advancements in the late 1970’

Reflection and Journal Article Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reflection and Journal Article Review - Essay Example Although one could appreciate the wonders and benefits these technological gadgets could accord the aged, the applicability of these technology solutions are mostly availed only in developed countries. These unique products are not globally accessed due to the prohibitive costs and the diversity in health care provided to the elderly according to cultural orientations. I was made aware of the crucial importance relegated by the older population in terms of maintaining independence despite their age. The statement that reveals that â€Å"seniors fear moving into a nursing home and losing their independence more than death† is astounding. The various products thought to provide the aged with independence is perceived as a way to replace a loved one or a family member who is supposed to provide the needed care. In eastern culture, older people are not sent to nursing homes but are retained in the nuclear household with a family member to attend to their holistic needs. The reason , apart from economic, is the cultural value for extended family ties and filial piety. The practice stems from Confucianism and has been defined as including â€Å"the responsibility of each person to respect their parents, obey them, take care of them as they age, advise parents, and of course to love them. Loving one’s parents and offering them respect is the spring from which other forms of filial piety flows. A relationship with parents must be centered on love and respect† (Conjecture, 2011, par. 2). Therefore, technology is not openly embraced to replace the love and care that would be accorded by family members in times of need of the elderly family member. Further, the issues that were presented as a consequence of greater reliance to technology, particularly the fact the seniors are always apprehensive to use or try out new products and systems, should be addressed. Otherwise, these unique products would be deemed useless if the target market, for which they are supposed to protect, secure and maintain in safe and in good health condition, would be compromised by inefficient and unsupportively erroneous application. The essence is the use of technology should not replace the delivery of health care services that only committed people could provide. Article Review from Peer Reviewed Journal Summary The article entitled written by Dr. Ronald Klatz and published in the Generations, Journal of the American Society on Aging in 2002 presented issues of discovering anti-aging medicine in response to the projected continued increase of the aging population. The author presented the official definition of anti-aging medicine as â€Å"a medical specialty founded on the application of advanced scientific and medical technologies for the early detection, prevention, treatment, and reversal of age-related dysfunction, disorders, and diseases† (Klatz, 2002, 1). The continued research on this field of endeavor was revealed to encompass five key areas, to wit: genetic engineering, cloning, nanotechnology, artificial organs, and nerve impulse continuity (Klatz, 2002, 2). The benefits are revealed to be pronounced and consistent with modern health care issues.\ Critique The article presents another technological breakthrough aimed to focus not only on according longevity in life span, but also in improving the quality of the elders’ lives. There were initial apprehensions on supporting this kind of medical and technological breakthrough in terms of determining the repercussions to health care in general. But as trends in the aging populat

Multi-faceted character Essay Example for Free

Multi-faceted character Essay In Shakespeares The Tempest, Prospero has been represented variously as a good, caring man or as a manipulating, devious puppeteer. Compare and contrast how he has been represented and make your conclusion as to what kind of character Prospero actually is. A-Prospero, the protagonist of Shakespeares Tempest, has been variously presented as a kind, wise man as well as an uncaring, power hungry tyrant. A very real and multifaceted character with plenty of grey shades, Prospero has been seen as some as a manifestation of the play writer himself. I believe that, although Prospero has his faults, all his seemingly callous actions are directed towards a happy ending for every one. The best side of his personality is reserved for his daughter, Miranda. Though he is, at times, domineering towards her (Hence! Hang not on my garments! ) he loves her deeply. He tells her that he done nothing but in care of her, and all his actions are for her benefit ad to secure her future. He calls her a cherubin and uses various terms of endearment for her wench which bring out his love for her. However, Prospero also meddles a lot with his daughters emotions. She is led to fall in love with Ferdinand, and Prosperos comments, It goes on, I see shows that the relationship is all part of his master plan. He spies on her clandestine meeting with Ferdinand, and he is, often, a puppet master and she is his puppet, docile and obedient. This underlines the control he has over her, and his lust for power, but he is redeemed by the fact that he is doing it all for her good, after all, the end justifies the means. His test for Ferdinand is because Elizabethan romantic convention holds that a mans love must be proved to be true through feats of tests. Towards his estranged brother, Antonio, and his companions, Prospero is less kind. He subjects them to mental torture by conjuring a violent tempest, leading them to believe they are ship wrecked. He is portrayed as a master puppeteer manipulating his puppets as he watches the company blunder about the island. But however sinister his attitude was, the fact remained that Prospero instructed Ariel to keep them unharmed. His frequent praise of Gonzalo, honest old lord shows the audience that he does not really intend any malice. He did not want to use physical violence, even though it could be justified by the cruel actions of Antonio. Even though Antonio is a thoroughly bad character, Prosperos lack of violence redeems him to the audience. At the end of the play, Prospero forgives all his misdeed that had taken place and it is this forgiveness that labels him as a kind wise man. The only time Prospero shows a truly ugly side to his character is when he deals with Caliban. He hurls epithets such as tortoise and earth to him and inflicts him with cramps and side stitches. Caliban terror on seeing Stephano shows the fear instilled in him by Prosperos spirits. Prosperos actions towards Caliban are also, however, justified. Calibans attempted rape of Miranda and his repulsive desire to people the island with Calibans rightly earns a harsh punishment from Prospero. The only unjustified act of Prospero is that he seems to put too much stock by Calibans birth and appearance. He calls him a freckled whelp, hag born. But even here, the prevailing Elizabethan belief was that anyone so misshapen was evil and deserved to be treated as such. Towards his other servant, the airy and light Ariel, Prospero is much kinder. He frequently calls her a brave spirit and my tricksy Ariel, using possessive pronouns to signal acceptance and pride. The only time he is angry with Ariel is when the spirit demand its freedom, just when Prosperos master plan is about to unfold. He is understandably angry: she is the key to a plan he has waited twelve years to operate and it is an opportunity not be given again. Prospero is a man who is multi-faceted and perhaps that is why he is so human. Though he has shades of grey, he is essentially a good man, who has been usurped of his dukedom. Shakespeare realised that Prospero was dealing with great evil, and could not afford to be too good and therefore nai ve. He had to be written as a firm, stern man who knew what he wanted and how to achieve it. Prospero may have manipulated his daughter, but only to restore her future and her status. He is callous to Ariel, but promises to set it free. He leads the company all over the island, but reunites them in the end. Alls well that ends well and Prospero delivers, restoring his dukedom, marrying the lovers and ensuring happy endings.

Essay --

This is the worst moment in my life yet, which I cannot forget. My story takes many turn; however, it is sad overall. My story similar with an episode of drama but it happened in real with me. After this incident, I hate to people and avoid always from strangers. My story disclose that how crimes are increasing in our society. After this incident my lifestyle has changed quietly. I learnt from the time because I was kidnapped in a strange way. It was unbelievable for me and I think that I was also a guilty person. In fact, I franked to everyone without know him. It was my interesting journey but there was some suspense and thrilling. My story show the mystery of social crimes from my personal narration. My story started from a local van. I could not forget this worst day of my life when I got a heavy loss; however, luckily God saved my life from enemies. Sometimes, I feel that how life is very tough and it is full of scales. I believe that life is not a bed of roses. I was 19 years old young boy but I was naughty instead of very polite in attitude and simple. I franked to everyone in very short time. Most of strangers become my friend. I trust on strangers without any fear. Most of my friends prevented me to be frank with anyone. This was the major reason of my worst incident of my life. The sun was sinking below the horizon and I decided to leave my city. I was ready to go to my cousin. Before sunset, my van was on the way and after 2 hours in the early night I had arrived there. In the van a young boy was impressed my new mobile Samsung glaxy3. It was the latest model of Samsung in the market. He became my friend in a few minutes. We were talking as we were friends from a long time ago. He was texting to someone but I did not a... ...ntage of my simplicity. I had to get loss but on the other hand they did not break the confidence on strangers only instead of they learned me that how strangers involved in social crimes. If I saw them today, I can recognize but I think that I was very young had no idea about typical life. I tasted a bitter taste of life in very early age. I think that life teaches us in different mood and style. Some learned from life with shocks and some were within passing the time. However, it was worst experience of my life because I lost my very precious gift. After, the incident, I started my new life with a new vision and thought. I also thanked to God for my new life and wisdom. Now, I do not make friends very early and especially avoid from the people those are accompanying with me for a little time. This incident told me that how should I tread with the life and society?

Ideas And Issues In “The Visit” And “A Chronicle Of A Death Foretold” Essay

Many works of contemporary literature discuss ideas and topics which are seen in the world around us today. These themes are either directly demonstrated or implied. Two works as such are â€Å"The Visit† by Friedrich Durrenmatt and â€Å"A Chronicle of a Death Foretold† by Gabriel Garcia Marquez. The issues raised in these two books are justice, communication, tradition, and moral values. Tradition is the ongoing obligation to commit to something, which is an act that has existed for many years. More often than not, tradition helps keep a community in one piece, much like laws do. In other cases, tradition obligates people and makes them do things they normally wouldn’t do. In â€Å"A Chronicle of a Death Foretold†, tradition is one of the forces that drives the Vicario twins to kill Santiago Nasar and therefore clean their family’s name. However, the Vicario brothers try to escape tradition. They had a debt which they greatly doubted and criticized. They know what the whole town expects them to do. But on the other side, their everyday life and friendship with Santiago Nasar, their victim, fills them with haste to fulfill tradition and do their pre-said duty. In â€Å"The Visit†, it’s tradition in the first place that brings the much anticipated lady Zachanassian to Guellen. So, in other words, tradition kills Ill as well as Santiago Nasar. Intertwined with the complications of tradition are the moral values behind any clearly human act. The only reason tradition has always been so difficult to adhere to is because of the moral issues behind the acts that tradition is composed of. This is seen in both pieces. In â€Å"A Chronicle of a Death Foretold†, the Vicario brothers are in a state of great misfortune not only because of the shame inflicted upon the Vicario family name but also because of the deed the have to carry out. However they also want their duty to be done. In an attempt to combine both, the twins unsuccessfully try to be caught whilst looking for Santiago Nasar. In other words, they seek someone to stop them by telling the whole town of their intentions. â€Å"†¦ ,in reality it seemed that the Vicario brothers had done nothing right with a view to killing Santiago Nasar immediately and without any public spectacle, but had done much more than could be imagined to have someone stop them from killing him, and they had failed† (p. 56). In â€Å"The Visit†, the town tries to hold its moral values despite the ironic reward the people and state will get if they do not. Later on in the book, even though Guellen has completely lost its morality and plans on doing Maddamme Zachanassian’s bidding and killing Ill, the townspeople will not admit, whatsoever that they have lost their towns values. Moreover, they blame Ill for not having any morality and tell him that if he had any values he would use a gun on himself outright. Ill, however denies the Mayor’s suggestion. â€Å"Mayor: Pity. You’re missing a chance to redeem yourself and be a more or less decent human being. † (p. 81) Tradition and the morality behind it are the two most ancient forms of justice. Today, justice is defined by laws and mainly is democratic and clear. But every person has their own form of justice for things, often acquiring either guilt or praise thereafter; or none of the two. Self-justice is reflexively self-justifying. In â€Å"The Chronicle of a Death Foretold†, the Vicario brothers want Justice. However, their morality, as discussed above, does not allow them to justify their family’s shame by killing Santiago Nasar. For the sake of tradition they kill Santiago anyway. Pablo and Pedro Vicario tell everybody they come across that they will kill Santiago Nasar, hoping to get caught.. That way, they would have done their justice and duty as the brothers of Angela Vicario, the violated girl, by attempting to kill Santiago and not actually slaying him. They do not commit a crime the do not want to commit and which they consider immoral. Also, when Santiago appears to them, the Vicario twins do not face him head on. Instead they give him a chance of escape by remaining of the opposite side of the street and giving him a head-start through their body language. Clara Zachanassian in â€Å"The Visit† loses all of her moralities during her childhood as a prostitute and thus ends up defying the right and wrong of justice. Therefore, she goes ahead and offers money for an assassination. The townspeople of Guellen try to force back their moralities but fail to do so. As a result they take an alternative route to solving their problem. They masquerade the immorality of the crime of murder as justice. What follows is that they kill Ill with their bare hands. For justice and tradition to be enforced, a clear communication line must be drawn. Communication is what leads to the smooth flow of traditions and miscommunication to their collapse of justice. Morality has to do with a person’s ability to communicate to oneself what they truly consider right or wrong; in this case it is contributed to justice and questionable traditions. Pedro and Pablo Vicario’s failure to alert the whole town of Riochacha of their imminent crime is a result of poor communication. They misinterpreted the ability of the townspeople to pass on information and the rate in which the news would diffuse their way to Santiago Nasar or to the police. However they did not take one aspect of tradition into account: â€Å"But most of those who could have done something to prevent the crime and did not consoled themselves with the pretext that affairs of honor are sacred monopolies [according to tradition], giving access only to those who are part of the drama. † (p. 114). So, according to tradition, most people in town could not tell the authorities, nor anyone for that matter, about the Vicario twins and on top of that they could justify themselves by blaming it on the town’s ethics. â€Å"Destiny makes us invisible† (Quote, Gabriel Garcia Marquez, 1928) The town of Guellen, on the other hand, had a level of communication between them far better than any other. They could communicate through the sub-conscious. It is not exactly stated that the Guelleners had actually decided upon killing Ill, so this could be assumed. They were very well organized and swift in killing Ill, as they were able to put many new products they wanted, more than needed, on account. As is clear, tradition, morality and justice are all connectable aspects which are usually bound together by a means of communication. Situations become elaborate and complications arise. â€Å"The Chronicle of a Death Foretold† and â€Å"The Visit† are two great examples of a situation that results from the combinations of those four issues.

Fresh Foods versus Canned Foods Essay

Eating is an activity that we as humans do at least two times a day. We live in a world where the variety of food is immense, and we are responsible for what we eat. We decide what we are about to eat and how it will affect our bodies. However, each food differs from one to another. For example are the fresh food and the canned food. Fresh foods and canned foods are two kinds of different types of food that have their own benefits and disadvantages. The most notable difference between these two kinds of foods is their flavor. Fresh food have great flavor because they keep their natural conditions. Canned foods however, lack a lot of its flavor characteristic because there are some other chemical products added to the natural foods. Comparing both types of foods we can notice another difference. Â  That is the health factor that affects our bodies. While the fresh food keep their original freshness and flavor, canned foods lose some of the original fresh food nutrients when stored, a nd also it has chemical ingredient when consumed too much will become toxin in our bodies. Another difference between these two types of food is the cost. Canned foods are much more expensive than the fresh foods. In contrast to the cost, canned foods are easier to find, they also require less work to prepare than fresh food. As we can see there are three main differences between the fresh foods and the canned foods. However, the main reason we chose our foods lies on our personal choice, based on time each person has, the money and the importance we give to our nutrition and health. Therefore it is important that you consider your possibilities and choose the best type of food for your convenience and life style.

Early races

Early races believed that the earth was flat and stationary, with the sky rotating round it once a day. The early races also believed things that sound weird to us today like the Vedic priests of India believed that the earth was supported upon 12 massive pillars and during the hours of darkness the sun travelled between these pillars without hitting them. The Hindu theory sounds even more peculiar as they believed that earth stood on the back of four elephants, which in turn the elephants stood on the shell of a gigantic tortoise, the tortoise however was supported upon a serpent floating in a limitless sea. All these beliefs had mistakes in the beginning, but as more people tried to explore astronomy, their observations and records became of more value. Most likely, the first astronomers were Chinese as they adopted a year of 365 days, which enabled them to work out a calendar, and from this they were able to predict eclipses. The Chinese did not just record eclipses, they also recorded comets as so did the Egyptians, but both civilisations were puzzled to what the phenomena meant, and they probably regarded the phenomena as being part of astrology. The early Egyptians were extremely skilful at measuring the positions of the stars as they built the Great Pyramid that lined up with the north pole of the sky. This is important as it gave a clue to how old the Pyramid was. About 600 years before Christ, came the great Greek astronomers. Thales was the first of the great Greek astronomers, he was born in about the year 624 B.C and died around about 546 B.C, as well as being a philosopher, he too studied the stars but he went further and tried to explain what he saw. Next was Aristotle who was a famous philosopher who lived from about 384 to 322 B.C. He proclaimed that the earth was not flat but a sphere, he also argued about earth being at the centre of the universe. Aristarchus who lived from 310 to 230 B.C, he concluded that th...

Answer some questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Answer some questions - Assignment Example Germany attacked the Great Britain by bombing and bringing lots of destruction. In return, the British forces fought back to counter the German conquest. German continued the attacks by fighting the Britain’s Royal air force who were their formidable opponents and this mad the Germans to be more determined in defeating the Britain air force. Germany bombed the largest city of Great Britain, London City and this was a very severe attack to the Britain nation and thus was one of the greatest attacks transacted by Hitler. Once the London bombing was done, the Germanys felt that they were winning the Battle but instead the British air force took to the sky and bombed the German bombers. Germany ended up losing a lot of airplanes among other military hardware. Germany decided to stop attacking Britain because they ran out of fighter planes as they had been destroyed by Britain. Hitler needed more air force to invade Russia, but his men were busy fighting the British forces. Hitler lost interest in taking over Britain and so he decided to stop attacking them. Hitler never wanted to attack innocent people in the cities and this contributed to him stopping the attacks in Great Britain. They decided to down a significant portion of the Britain (Radar Defense system) RDS while Great Britain managed to shoot down 46 aircraft belonging to Germany even though they lost 13 of their own. In another incidence during the fight, Great Britain shot down 75 Germany aircrafts and lost 35 of their own (Allison, Grey &Valentine, 2012). Great Britain succeeded in using the Germany Luftwaffe strategy by ruling against any striking of the RDS, which made them ineffective. Great Britain fought until they came out victorious and Hitler lost the battle. Hitler s ucceeded in bombing London for 57 successful nights, but later lost due to poor strategy in the battle. There was bad weather that was experienced during the attack and that attackers

Transforming for Success Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Transforming for Success - Assignment Example Transforming for Success Based on Darling-Hammond's (2010) research there are five features of successful schools which make them ideal institutions designed for producing students ready for real world adaption. a. Small size learning communities within the school The size of learning groups matter and affect the success of learning outcome. Higher incidents of safety issues, decrease learning rate, impersonal teacher-student relation and disinterests are often the results of large learning groups. To organize for success, Darling-Hammond (2010) emphasizes on small size of school units. Small groups are manageable and allow opportunities for learning and experiencing education - they can be seen, heard, noticed and participate in any activity they want. She also emphasizes that "Overall, smaller high schools are associated with greater safety, more positive student attitudes about school, higher levels of student participation and attendance, much lower dropout rates, and...higher achievement" (Darling-Hammond 2010, p.245). Small learning units therefore create an environment that fosters positive student behavior towards education. With size, personalization also becomes effective. Small learning communities foster personalization and long-term relationship building among teachers and students. Large education systems cannot be effectively managed nor can their students enjoy positive learning experience. On the other hand, small learning units can easily incorporate advisory systems through counseling, academic support and family connections, and reduce loads for teachers to pay particular attention to individual student.